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Common types of bills of lading
Air waybill (AIRWAYBILL- AWB)
1. Concept and function of air waybill
Air waybill (AWB) is a letter of carriage of goods and a certificate of the conclusion of a contract and the carriage of goods by aircraft, regarding the conditions of the contract and the receipt of the goods for carriage. (Vietnam Civil Aviation Law of January 4, 1992).
Air waybill includes some functions as follows:
+ Is a certificate of a contract of carriage signed between the carrier and the consignor
+ Is proof that the air carrier has received the goods
+ Is a certificate of insurance for goods transported by air
+ Is the customs declaration document of the goods
+ Acting as a guide for airline staff in the process of transporting goods
Unlike sea freight, in air transport, one does not use a tradable bill of lading, in other words, an air waybill is not a document of title to the goods like a bill of lading. often. The reason for this is that due to the very high speed of air transport, the journey of the aircraft usually ends and the goods are delivered at the destination a long period of time before the air documents can be sent from the exporter. through their bank to the exporter's bank, which then sends it to the importer's bank. For these reasons, the air waybill usually does not have the function of taking possession of the goods. The air waybill can be issued by the airline, or it can be issued by someone other than the airline.
2. Bill of lading classification
* Based on the issuer, bills of lading are divided into two types:
- Air waybill (Airline airway bill):
This bill of lading is issued by the airline. The bill of lading has the symbol and identification code of the carrier.
- Neutral airway bill:
This type of bill of lading is issued by someone other than the carrier, on the bill of lading there is no symbol and identification code of the carrier. This bill of lading is usually issued by the carrier's agent or forwarder.
*. Based on the consolidation of goods, bills of lading are divided into two types:
- Master Airway bill (MAWB):
A bill of lading issued by an air carrier to a consolidator with a bill of lading for receipt at the destination airport. This bill of lading is used to regulate the relationship between the air carrier and the consolidator and serves as a delivery document between the carrier and the consolidator.
- Consolidator's bill of lading (House airway bill-HAWB):
A bill of lading issued by a consolidator to retail shippers upon receipt of goods from them so that retail consignees have a bill of lading to pick up their goods at the destination. This bill of lading is used to regulate the relationship between consolidators and retail shippers and is used to receive goods between consolidators and retail owners.
In general, we can visualize the consolidation process in the aviation sector as follows:
At the destination airport, the consolidator uses the master bill of lading to receive the goods from the air carrier, then divides the goods, delivers them to each individual consignee, and collects the consignment bill of lading that he himself issued upon receipt of the goods. at the top.
- Contents of air waybill
Air waybill is printed according to the standard form of the International Air Transport Association IATA (IATA standard form). A set of bills of lading includes many copies, including 3 originals (originals) and auxiliary copies.
Each bill of lading consists of 2 sides, the content of the front side of the bill of lading sides is identical except for the color and the notes at the bottom are different, for example, the original number 1 is noted at the bottom. is "original number 1 for the carrier to issue the bill of lading", while the number 4 is written as "copy number 4, used as a delivery receipt".
The back of the bill of lading is different, in the auxiliary copies the back is blank, in the originals are the regulations related to the carriage of goods by air.
a. Contents on the front of the bill of lading
The front of the bill of lading includes blank columns for the bill of lading maker to fill in the necessary information when making the bill of lading. According to the IATA standard form, those column entries are:
+ Bill of lading number (AWB number)
+ Airport of departure
The name and address of the issuer of the bill of lading (issuing carrier's name and address)
+ Reference to originals (Reference to originals)
+ Reference to the conditions of the contract (Reference to conditions of contract)
+ The shipper (Shipper)
+ Consignee (Consignee)
+ Issuing carrier's agent
+ Route (Route)
+ Payment information (Accounting information)
+ Currency (Currency)
+ Charge codes (Charges codes)
+ Fees and costs (Charges)
+ Declare value for carriage
+ Customs declaration value (Declare value for customs)
Amount of insurance
+ Handling information
+ Number of pieces
+ Other charges (Other charges)
+ Prepaid fees and expenses
+ Postpaid fees and charges (Collect)
+ Box for consignor's confirmation (Shipper of certification box)
+ Carrier's box
+ Umbrella only for the carrier at destination (For carrier of use only at destination)
+ Postpaid in the currency of destination, only for the carrier (Collect charges in destination currency, for carrier of use only).